Title

Capitalize all “major” words (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and pronouns) in the title and subtitle.

 

Abstract

An abstract is a brief, comprehensive summary of the contents of the paper. A well-prepared abstract can be the most important paragraph in an article. Many people have their first contact with an article by reading the title and abstract, usually in comparison with several others, as they conduct a literature search. Readers frequently decide on the basis of the abstract whether to read the entire article. The abstract needs to be dense with information. By embedding essential terms in your abstract, you enhance readers’ ability to find the article. This section addresses the qualities of a good abstract and standards for what to include in abstracts for different paper types” (Source: APA Publications Manual, 7 Edition, Section 3.3).

 

Keywords

Provide three to five keywords (words, phrases, or acronyms) describing the most important aspects of the content. Write the keywords in lowercase (but capitalize proper nouns), separated by commas. The keywords can be listed in any order.

 

1. Introduction

The body of an article always opens with an introduction. The introduction contains a succinct description of the issues being reported, their historical antecedents, and the study objectives. The introduction of an article frames the issues being studied. Consider the various concerns on which your issue touches and its effects on other outcomes (e.g., the effects of shared storybook reading on word learning in children). This framing may be in terms of fundamental psychological theory, potential application including therapeutic uses, input for public policy, and so forth. Proper framing helps set readers’ expectations for what the report will and will not include. State the importance of the research problem or question, including theoretical or practical implications.

• Frame the problem or question and its context.
• State the purpose(s)/goal(s)/aim(s) of the study.
• Review the background literature, and explicitly state the hypotheses being explored.
• Review, critique, and synthesize the applicable literature to identify key issues/debates/theoretical frameworks in the relevant literature to clarify barriers, knowledge gaps, or practical needs.
• State the target audience, if specific.
• Provide the rationale for fit of design used to investigate this purpose/goal (e.g., theory building, explanatory, developing understanding, social action, description, highlighting social practices).
• Describe the approach to inquiry, if it illuminates the objectives and research rationale (e.g., descriptive, interpretive, feminist, psychoanalytic, postpositivist, critical, postmodern, constructivist, or pragmatic approaches).

 

2. Materials and Method

Describe the study method, including

• research design (e.g., experiment, observational study)
• sample size
• materials used (e.g., instruments, apparatus)
• outcome measures
• data-gathering procedures, including a brief description of the source of any secondary data. If the
• study is a secondary data analysis, so indicate.
• a full description of each step of the investigation, including details about the materials used and the procedures followed (which should be sufficient to enable replication);
• a full statement of the research design, statements on the protection of human participants or nonhuman animal subjects and informed consent, and a description (in words and/or a figure) of the flow of participants through the study.

 

2.1. Sampling Procedures

Describe procedures for selecting participants, including

• sampling method if a systematic sampling plan was implemented
• percentage of the sample approached that actually participated
• whether self-selection into the study occurred (either by individuals or by units, such as schools or clinics)

Describe settings and locations where data were collected as well as dates of data collection.

Describe agreements and payments made to participants.

Describe institutional review board agreements, ethical standards met, and safety monitoring.

 

2.2. Sample Size, Power, and Precision

Describe the sample size, power, and precision, including

• intended sample size
• achieved sample size, if different from the intended sample size
• determination of sample size, including
• power analysis, or methods used to determine precision of parameter estimates
• explanation of any interim analyses and stopping rules employed

 

2.3. Mixed methods research

• Explain why mixed methods research is appropriate as a methodology given the paper’s goals.
• Identify the type of mixed methods design used and define it.
• Indicate the qualitative approach to inquiry and the quantitative design used within the mixed methods design type (e.g., ethnography, randomized experiment).
• If multiple approaches to inquiry were combined, describe how this was done and provide a rationale (e.g., descriptive, interpretive, feminist, psychoanalytic, postpositivist, critical, postmodern, constructivist, or pragmatic approaches), as it illuminates the mixed method in use.
• Provide a rationale or justification for the need to collect both qualitative and quantitative data and the added value of integrating the results (findings) from the two data sets.

In mixed methods articles, authors report research combining qualitative and quantitative empirical approaches. Mixed methods research should not be confused with mixed models research, which is a quantitative procedure, or with multimethod research, which entails using multiple methods from the same approach. Mixed methods research involves the following:

• describing the philosophical assumptions or theoretical models used to inform the study design;
• describing the distinct methodologies, research designs, and procedures in relation to the study goals;
• collecting and analyzing both qualitative and quantitative data in response to research aims, questions, or hypotheses; and
• integrating the findings from the two methodologies intentionally to generate new insights.

The basic assumption of a mixed methods approach is that the combined qualitative findings and quantitative results lead to additional insights not gleaned from the qualitative or quantitative findings alone. Because there are many ways to design a mixed methods study, the structure of mixed methods articles varies depending on the specific nature of the study and the balance between the two methodologies. Researchers who used a mixed methods approach should follow the mixed methods journal article reporting standards to report their findings.

 

3. Results and discussion

In the Results section of a quantitative paper, summarize the collected data and the results of any analyses performed on those data relevant to the discourse that is to follow. Report the data in sufficient detail to justify your conclusions. Mention all relevant results, regardless of whether your hypotheses were supported, including results that run counter to expectation; include small effect sizes (or statistically nonsignificant findings) when theory predicts large (or statistically significant) ones. Do not hide uncomfortable results by omission. In the spirit of data sharing, raw data, including study characteristics and individual effect sizes used in a meta-analysis, can be made available as supplemental materials or archived online. However, raw data (and individual scores) generally are not presented in the body of the article because of length considerations. Analyze data and report findings, including effect sizes and confidence intervals or statistical significance levels.

 

4. Conclusions

State conclusions, beyond just results, and report the implications or applications. In the conclusion, consider returning to a discussion of why the problem is important (as stated in the introduction); what larger issues, meaning those that transcend the particulars of the subfield, might hinge on the findings; and what propositions are confirmed or disconfirmed by the extrapolation of these findings to such overarching issues. Also consider the following issues:

• What is the theoretical, clinical, or practical significance of the outcomes, and what is the basis for these interpretations?
• If the findings are valid and replicable, what real-life psychological phenomena might be explained or modeled by the results?
• Are applications warranted on the basis of this research?
• What problems remain unresolved or arise anew because of these findings?

The responses to these questions are the core of the contribution of your study and justify why readers both inside and outside your specialty should attend to the findings. Readers should receive clear, unambiguous, and direct answers.

 

Author Contributions (Optional)

For research articles with several authors, a short paragraph specifying their individual contributions must be provided. The following statements should be used “Conceptualization, X.X. and Y.Y.; methodology, X.X.; software, X.X.; validation, X.X., Y.Y. and Z.Z.; formal analysis, X.X.; investigation, X.X.; resources, X.X.; data curation, X.X.; writing—original draft preparation, X.X.; writing—review and editing, X.X.; visualization, X.X.; supervision, X.X.; project administration, X.X.; funding acquisition, Y.Y. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.” Please turn to the CRediT taxonomy for the term explanation. Authorship must be limited to those who have contributed substantially to the work re-ported.

All authors contributed equally to the conceptualization of the article and writing of the original and subsequent drafts.

 

Data Availability Statement (Optional)

In this section, please provide details regarding where data supporting reported results can be found, including links to publicly archived datasets analyzed or generated during the study (see examples). Data available on request from the authors.

If the study did not report any data, you might add “Not applicable” here.

 

Acknowledgements (Optional)

The Acknowledgments section should be a few sentences at the end, but it is important to recognize those people (organizations and individuals) who made considerable impact on the research, provided significant help to the author to formulate and complete the experiment, and improved the research at any stage (from providing access to equipment or field sites to editing the manuscript). However, this is an optional section.

In this section, you can acknowledge any support given which is not covered by the author contribution or funding sections. This may include administrative and technical support, or donations in kind (e.g., materials used for experiments).

The authors would like to thank all participants in the present study.

The authors thank all participants in this study.

 

Ethical Considerations (Optional)

The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of ABCD (Ethical code: IR.UT.RES.2024.500).

The authors avoided data fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, and misconduct.

 

Funding (Optional)

The study was funded by the University of ABCD, Country ABCD, and Grant No. 111111. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

 

Conflict of Interest (Optional)

The authors declare no conflict of interest. Declare conflicts of interest or state “The authors declare no conflict of interest.” Authors must identify and declare any personal circumstances or interest that may be perceived as inappropriately influencing the representation or interpretation of reported research results. Any role of the funders in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results must be declared in this section. If there is no role, please state “The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results”.

 

 

5. References

Anna, N. E. V., & Mannan, E. F. (2020). Big data adoption in academic libraries: A literature review. Library Hi Tech News, 37(4), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHTN-11-2019-0079

Cox, C., & Tzoc, E. (2023). ChatGPT: Implications for academic libraries. College and Research Libraries News, 84(3), 99. https://doi.org/10.5860/crln.84.3.99

Ferdowsizadeh, S., Noruzi, A., Ghanbarzadeh, M., & Zadnajaf, K. (2024). Application of long tail theory in digital bookstores. Library and Information Sciences, 27(2), 109-138. https://doi.org/10.30481/lis.2024.445273.2144 (in Persian)

Gayton, J. T. (2008). Academic libraries: “Social” or “communal?” The nature and future of academic libraries. Journal of Academic Librarianship, 34(1), 60-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2007.11.011

Liu, L., & Liu, W. (2023). The engagement of academic libraries in open science: A systematic review. Journal of Academic Librarianship, 49(3), 102711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2023.102711

Lippincott, J. K. (2010). A mobile future for academic libraries. Reference Services Review, 38(2), 205-213. https://doi.org/10.1108/00907321011044981

Mabona, A., Van Greunen, D., & Kevin, K. (2024, May). Integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in academic libraries: A systematic literature review. In 2024 IST-Africa Conference (IST-Africa) (pp. 1-9). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/IST-Africa63983.2024.10569288

Sabzalian, R., Noruzi, A., & Nazari, M. (2021). Study of customer journey map in electronic bookshops. Academic Librarianship and Information Research, 55(4), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.22059/jlib.2022.340459.1599 (in Persian)

Shal, T., Ghamrawi, N., & Naccache, H. (2024). Leadership styles and AI acceptance in academic libraries in higher education. Journal of Academic Librarianship, 50(2), 102849. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2024.1028

 

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